PS: Maybe I will type the poem character by character in future in order to study wangma(Wu Bi)
Saturday, July 30, 2005
type them one by one
I just want to do some thing to enrich my life, so I choose "Oxford Advanced Learners' Dictionary". It's creazy or mad, but it's great at the same time! At least I practised my typewriting. As for the 'poem', I'm very sorry to say that they were all copied from a .txt which I am willing to offer to any body who see this and want it.
Labels:
English
野望
野 望
王绩
东皋薄暮望, 徙倚欲何依。
树树皆秋色, 山山唯落晖。
牧人驱犊返, 猎马带禽归。
相顾无相识, 长歌怀采薇。
《野望》写的是山野秋景,在闲逸的情调中,带几分彷徨和苦闷,是王绩的代表作。
“东皋薄暮望,徙倚欲何依。”皋是水边地。东皋,指他家乡绛州龙门的一个地方。他归隐后常游北山、东皋,自号“东皋子”。“徙倚”是徘徊的意思。“欲何依”,化用曹操《短歌行》中“月明星稀,乌鹊南飞,绕树三匝,何枝可依”的意思,表现了百无聊赖的彷徨心情。
下面四句写薄暮中所见景物:“树树皆秋色,山山唯落晖。牧人驱犊返,猎马带禽归。”举目四望,到处是一片秋色,在夕阳的余晖中越发显得萧瑟。在这静谧的背景之上,牧人与猎马的特写,带着牧歌式的田园气氛,使整个画面活动了起来。这四句诗宛如一幅山家秋晚图,光与色,远景与近景,静态与动态,搭配得恰到好处。
然而,王绩还不能象陶渊明那样从田园中找到慰藉,所以最后说:“相顾无相识,长歌怀采薇。”说自己在现实中孤独无依,只好追怀古代的隐士,和伯夷、叔齐那样的人交朋友了。
读熟了唐诗的人,也许并不觉得这首诗有什么特别的好处。可是,如果沿着诗歌史的顺序,从南朝的宋、齐、梁、陈一路读下来,忽然读到这首《野望》,便会为它的朴素而叫好。南朝诗风大多华靡艳丽,好象浑身裹着绸缎的珠光宝气的贵妇。从贵妇堆里走出来,忽然遇见一位荆钗布裙的村姑,她那不施脂粉的朴素美就会产生特别的魅力。王绩的《野望》便有这样一种朴素的好处。
这首诗的体裁是五言律诗。自从南朝齐永明年间,沈约等人将声律的知识运用到诗歌创作当中,律诗这种新的体裁就已酝酿着了。到初唐的沈佺期、宋之问手里律诗遂定型化,成为一种重要的诗歌体裁。而早于沈、宋六十余年的王绩,已经能写出《野望》这样成熟的律诗,说明他是一个勇于尝试新形式的人。这首诗首尾两联抒情言事,中间两联写景,经过情──景──情这一反复,诗的意思更深化了一层。这正符合律诗的一种基本章法。 (袁行霈)
Labels:
中文
abrasion,abrupt,absenteeism,absolute,absorb,abstract,absurd,aboundant,abuse,abut
abrasion noun
1 a damaged area of the skin where it has been rubbed against sth hard and rough
2 damage to a surface caused by rubbing sth very hard against
abrupt adjective
1 sudden and unexpected, often in an unpleasent way
2 speaking or acting in away that seems unfriendly and rude; not taking time to say more than is necessary
absenteeism noun
the fact of being frenqurntly away from work or school, especially without good reasons
absolute adjective
1 total and comlete
2 used, especially in spoken English, to give emhasis to what you are saying
3 definite and without any doubt or confusion
4 not limited or restricted
5 exciting or measured independently and not in relation to sth else
absorb verb
LIQUID / GAS
1 to take in a liquid, gas or other substance from the surface or space around
MAKE PART OF STH LAGER
2 to make sth smaller became part of sth lager
INIFORMATION
3 to take sth into the mind and learn or understand it
1 a damaged area of the skin where it has been rubbed against sth hard and rough
2 damage to a surface caused by rubbing sth very hard against
abrupt adjective
1 sudden and unexpected, often in an unpleasent way
2 speaking or acting in away that seems unfriendly and rude; not taking time to say more than is necessary
absenteeism noun
the fact of being frenqurntly away from work or school, especially without good reasons
absolute adjective
1 total and comlete
2 used, especially in spoken English, to give emhasis to what you are saying
3 definite and without any doubt or confusion
4 not limited or restricted
5 exciting or measured independently and not in relation to sth else
absorb verb
LIQUID / GAS
1 to take in a liquid, gas or other substance from the surface or space around
MAKE PART OF STH LAGER
2 to make sth smaller became part of sth lager
INIFORMATION
3 to take sth into the mind and learn or understand it
Labels:
English
Thursday, July 28, 2005
蝉
蝉
虞世南
垂緌饮清露, 流响出疏桐。
居高声自远, 非是藉秋风。
这首托物寓意的小诗,是唐人咏蝉诗中时代最早的一首,很为后世人称道。
首句“垂緌饮清露”,“緌”是古人结在颔下的帽带下垂部分,蝉的头部有伸出的触须,形状好象下垂的冠缨,故说“垂緌”。古人认为蝉生性高洁,栖高饮露,故说“饮清露”。这一句表面上是写蝉的形状与食性,实际上处处含比兴象征。“垂緌”暗示显宦身分(古代常以“冠缨”指代贵宦)。这显贵的身分地位在一般人心目中,是和“清”有矛盾甚至不相容的,但在作者笔下,却把它们统一在“垂緌饮清露”的形象中了。这“贵”与“清”的统一,正是为三四两句的“清”无须藉“贵”作反铺垫,笔意颇为巧妙。
次句“流响出疏桐”写蝉声之远传。梧桐是高树,着一“疏”字,更见其枝干的高挺清拔,且与末句“秋风”相应。“流响”状蝉声的长鸣不已,悦耳动听,着一“出”字,把蝉声传送的意态形象化了,仿佛使人感受到蝉声的响度与力度。这一句虽只写声,但读者从中却可想见人格化了的蝉那种清华隽朗的高标逸韵。有了这一句对蝉声远传的生动描写,三四两句的发挥才字字有根。
“居高声自远,非是藉秋风”,这是全篇比兴寄托的点睛之笔。它是在上两句的基础上引发出来的诗的议论。蝉声远传,一般人往往以为是藉助于秋风的传送,诗人却别有会心,强调这是由于“居高”而自能致远。这种独特的感受蕴含一个真理:立身品格高洁的人,并不需要某种外在的凭藉(例如权势地位、有力者的帮助),自能声名远播,正象曹丕在《典论·论文》中所说的那样,“不假良史之辞,不托飞驰之势,而声名自传于后。”这里所突出强调的是人格的美,人格的力量。两句中的“自”字、“非”字,一正一反,相互呼应,表达出对人的内在品格的热情赞美和高度自信,表现出一种雍容不迫的风度气韵。唐太宗曾经屡次称赏虞世南的“五绝”(德行、忠直、博学、文词、书翰),诗人笔下的人格化的“蝉”,可能带有自况的意味吧。沈德潜说:“咏蝉者每咏其声,此独尊其品格。”(《唐诗别裁》)这确是一语破的之论。
清施补华《岘佣说诗》云:“三百篇比兴为多,唐人犹得此意。同一咏蝉,虞世南‘居高声自远,端不藉秋风’,是清华人语;骆宾王‘露重飞难进,风多响易沉’,是患难人语;李商隐‘本以高难饱,徒劳恨费声’,是牢骚人语。比兴不同如此。”这三首诗都是唐代托咏蝉以寄意的名作,由于作者地位、遭际、气质的不同,虽同样工于比兴寄托,却呈现出殊异的面貌,构成富有个性特征的艺术形象,成为唐代文坛“咏蝉”诗的三绝。 (刘学锴)
Labels:
中文
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)